Afrika Fotograf: Lizenz: CC-by-sa-2.0
Afrika

Afrika

Afrika ist mit einer Fläche von 30,3 Millionen km² (22 % der gesamten Landfläche der Erde) nach Asien der zweitgrößte Kontinent und ungefähr dreimal so groß wie Europa. Länder mit zumindest teilweise gut entwickelter Infrastruktur sind: Marokko, Tunesien, Ägypten, Südafrika, Namibia, Kenia, Seychellen, MauritiusReunion.

Geografie und Landschaft

Afrika ist im Norden vom Mittelmeer, im Westen vom Atlantik, im Osten vom Indischen Ozean und dem Roten Meer umgeben. Die einzige Landverbindung zu anderen Festlandmassen, bzw. zu Eurasien, bildet der Sinai, der zwischen Afrika und der Arabischen Halbinsel liegt. Europa liegt Afrika an der Straße von Gibraltar und der Straße von Sizilien am nächsten.

Durch die Lage beiderseits des Äquators und die kompakte Form besitzt Afrika die größte zusammenhängende Landmasse der Tropen. 75 % der Fläche Afrikas liegen innerhalb der Wendekreise. Der größte Teil Zentral- und Westafrikas ist von tropischem Regenwald bedeckt. Das Kongobecken ist nach Amazonien das zweitgrößte Regenwaldgebiet der Erde.

Um die Wendekreise sind große Wüsten entstanden. Die Sahara im Norden wird nur durch die Flussoase des Nil unterbrochen, im Süden befinden sich die Namib, eine Nebelwüste und die Kalahari, eine Trockensavanne. Südlich der Sahara (Sahelzone) und in Ostafrika bis Südafrika hinunter befinden sich große Savannengebiete. In Gebieten mit zwei jährlichen Niederschlagsmaxima breiten sich die Trockenwälder aus. Südostafrika ist durch den Einfluss des Monsun und die großen Täler von Sambesi und Limpopo fruchtbarer. Die größte Insel ist Madagaskar, die vor der Südostküste Afrikas im Indischen Ozean liegt.

Quelle: Wikipedia Lizenz: CC-by-sa-3.0

  • Unter Ostafrika werden die Länder Afrikas etwa östlich des Nils bzw. östlich des Ostafrikanischen Grabenbruchs zusammengefasst.

    Afrikanischer Elefant in Kenia, Ostafrika
  • Reiseinformationen für Komoren, Madagaskar, Mauritius, Reunion und die Seychellen.

    Reiseinformationen für die Malediven finden Sie unter Süd- und Südoastasien.

    Weißkehl-Doktorfisch (Acanthurus leucosternon), Malediven
  • Der Begriff südliches Afrika bezieht sich auf den südlichen Teil des afrikanischen  Kontinents. Im Gegensatz zu Nord-, West- und Ostafrika ist mit Südafrika meist nicht eine Region gemeint, sondern der Staat Südafrika. Deshalb wird zur Unterscheidung die Region südliches Afrika genannt.

  • Unter Westafrika versteht man den westlichen Teil des Afrikanischen Kontinents mit den Ländern Benin, Burkina Faso, Elfenbeinküste, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kap Verde, Liberia, Mali, Mauretanien, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone und Togo.

    Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
  •  Zentralafrika ist eine Region Afrikas, die folgende Staaten umfasst:

    • Äquatorialguinea (Hauptstadt Malabo)
    • Gabun (Hauptstadt Libreville)
    • Kamerun (Hauptstadt Yaoundé)
    • Demokratische Republik Kongo (ehemals Zaire) (Hauptstadt Kinshasa)
    • Republik Kongo (Hauptstadt Brazzaville)
    • São Tomé und Príncipe (Hauptstadt São Tomé)
    • Tschad (Hauptstadt N’Djamena)
    • Zentralafrikanische Republik (Hauptstadt Bangui)
  • Nordafrika bezeichnet das Gebiet nördlich der Wüste Sahara. Nordafrika umfasst die Maghrebstaaten und Ägypten und manchen Definitionen zufolge auch den Sudan. Ägypten und Libyen werden politisch oft zum Nahen Osten gezählt. Die Sinai-Halbinsel (Teil Ägyptens) gehört zu Asien.

    Steppenvegetation des Hohen Atlas

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